I ran into this unpleasant issue when trying to export a VR project based on the VR Template default project in UE5.3. It is likely you won't have this problem on the latest 5.4 release...but who knows. Though my VR Template Project is loaded as "Blueprint Based" and I did not add any C++ components, apparently, compiling a project that started with this template involves some sort of C++ compile requiring that you have MS Visual Studio installed. This is where it gets a bit tricky. If you read the error log when the compile fails, it's pretty clear you need to install MSVS 2022. No problem. But when the compile fails again after install you're forced to start trying one thing after another and begin a long search online, likely without answers.
Note that this version of Unreal (5.3) requires Visual Studio Build Channel 17.8. However, 17.8 cannot be downloaded as the free "Community" version. The only download I could find anywhere online is the latest version, Build Channel 17.12 (at this time). This is at the core of the problem. But since that's all we have, unless we're on an Enterprise subscription of Visual Studio, let's just use that. Do a quick search for Visual Studio and you'll end up at the Microsoft download page. Go ahead and download and run it.
First, Visual Studio requires several 'Workloads" and components to be installed beside just the core program. "Game Development with C++" and "Desktop Development with C++" are important and I also installed ".NET Desktop Development" based on some research. Not sure all these are required but certainly the Game Dev Workload.
2nd, and now the tricky part. Under the "Individual Components" in the Visual Studio Installer (did I mention you need to use that to install VS 2022?) You'll need to add MSVC v143 - VS 2022 C++ build Tools (v14.34-17.4) which is slightly older and out of support.
But this is the version of MSVC that works with UE 5.3. Anything later will error out during compile. The later versions of MSVC that come with VS 2022 are too new for this slightly older version of Unreal. Which is why I say that this all is likely not a problem in 5.4 but perhaps it will rear it's head again as Unreal evolves and your project stays in a previous version. After installing the proper Workloads and this version of the build tools everything worked for me. I did start and run Visual Studio once after install but maybe that's not required.
Below are a few links that helped me out. Thanks to the OP's!
Install VS 2022 (a little dated but overall an excellent description):
Configure Visual Studio 2022 for Unreal:
A link to solutions on the Unreal Engine Forums from others with the same/similar problems:
Happy Compiling!
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